Easy2Siksha.com
   2023
/  

(
    )
 : 3   :100
:     ,            
         
-
1. 
          
  ?
2.           , 
    
-
3.             
4.     
       

-
Easy2Siksha.com
5.            ,  
   
6.       ,      
    
-
7.          ,    
  
8.       ?       
  
Easy2Siksha.com
   2023
/  

(
    )
 : 3   :100
:     ,            
         
-
1. 
          
  ?
:              
       ,         ,
    :          ,   
              (   
)         (    ),      
  ,                
       
   
         ,  19 
               
-              ,    
        
󽇐    ?
    :
Easy2Siksha.com
              
       ,         
     
  :
              
     
              
,       ,        
         
       
,     
         
󽇐     (   )
  ,         ,    :
             
       
           
          ,       
           ,     
         ,       
,           
            
󽇐 '      
   :󷄧󷄫󷄧󷄬
       :

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󹼥  ( )
 (  )
 (  )

10
5

20
10
 ,                
              ?
!   
   
󽇐    ( )
󹼧    :
          
  :
  1          ,   0.5  
    
  1      ,   2     
  :
  1          ,   0.5 
   
  1      ,   2     
   ,               
   ,     :
 ,
        
        
:
        
        
  -  
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?
 
 
 
          !
󽇐       ?
:
, , ,           
   
 -   
         
  +  =  
󽇐     ?
             :
     
     
       
       

     
     
    
     ;      
󽇐     
           (    
  ,      ):
󷄧󷄫      󷄧󷄬      󷄧󷄭   
     ,  
   󷄧󷄮    0.󷄰󷄯
Easy2Siksha.com
   󷄧󷄲   ,    
󷄧󷄳   
         ,     
󽆱    
     ,          
  ,         
󷄧󷄫 
      :
    
   
 
 
  :
    
     , -      
   
        
         
󷄧󷄬     
               :


 

       
,         
Easy2Siksha.com
󷄧󷄭       
         :

 
 
, , 
   -

 
  
   ,        
󷄧󷄮   
      :
          
       
 :
,            

  
,   
󷄰󷄯     
          :
     
     
        ,     
  ,         ,        
    
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󷄧󷄱     
         
:
        ,       
   
,           
          ,    
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸

             
                  
    ,           
              
         ,    ,    
     
,          , , 

     
   ,       
 
2.           , 
    
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
     ,          - 
       -         ?  
  ()       ,     
                 
   ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :                
,                  , 
    
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󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
               

         ,  -    

1.       ()
:          
   
:
𝑁𝐵𝑇𝑇 =
Export Price Index
Import Price Index
× 100
:  (   )  ,        
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       10%          , 
   (-- )  
2.     (GBTT)
:            
:
𝐺𝐵𝑇𝑇 =
Quantity of Imports
Quantity of Exports
× 100
:              
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   100       200      ,
  200/100 = 2
3.     ()
:             
     
:
𝐼𝑇𝑇 = Export Price Index × Export Volume Index/Import Price Index
:               
  
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󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             ,    
 ()   ,           
4.     ()
:       ( )   
 
:
𝑆𝐹𝑇𝑇 = 𝑁𝐵𝑇𝑇 × Index of Productivity in Export Sector
:   ,          
,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         ,       
   (  )   
5.     ()
:             
:
𝐷𝐹𝑇𝑇 =
Export Price Index × Productivity of Export Sector
Import Price Index × Productivity of Import Sector
:                
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              
 ,      
6.     (UTT)
:             
()   
:   
  
   ()     ,
       ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              , 
                 
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
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    ,           
    
1.     
           
      ,     
             
2.      
          
         
              
3.     
   ,        
                   
  ,      
4.     
         
      
          
5.     
          
              ,
     
6.    
   ,   --  --  
          
           
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
             -   
             (1  = 2 )  
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      ,    ( )    
          ,      
           ,    
(  )    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
  
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
       ,  , ,  , 
    
         
             
   ,       ,     
,          
-
3.             
:        ,        
      , ,         
-      ,   , ,     
               
 -
                
              (BoP)    

   ?
            (  
)       -      , ,
 , , ,     -  
             -  ,
    (BoP)  :
        
     
    ,   (BoP)        , 
 (BoP)   
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    ?
    :
     
          
              
      
            
    
       :󷄧󷄫 󷄧󷄬 󷄧󷄭
󷄧󷄮   +  
       --  
1.  
             -      -
         ,     
   :
)      ( )
        , :
, , ,    
, , ,    
  >  ;   >  
          (      )   ,
    
)      ( )
    ,         :
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           
       
      
   
           ,     
          
)    
   :
      
    
        
            
)  ( )
              :
             
  


          ,        
,                 
       
2.  
      -, -      
   
    ,     -  :
 
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         
    
               
3.  
 BoP                
         
     :
)    ()
                
    :
        
       
        
   ()     ,    
)    ()
                :
        
        
       ,      ()   
    
)   
   :
           
        
     ()   
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     
4.   
 BoP     
 -   ,  -   
              ,  
      
5.   
   ( , )           
 
        ,         
      ,         

 ( )
        :
300       
450         150     
,
 ,    220     
     120       ,   100
    
,
   100     
     
             
       ?
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  :
60      
40    
20     
                 , 
      
 ,              
       

    
           
     ,     ,     ,    
             ,  , 
,             
    
    (BoP)   ,            
 ,     
4.     
       

:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
                
       ,     (BoP)     
                 
             
           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :             
          ,   

    
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󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
:             
               
 
:            
 ,         
  :
o

           
  
o

           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   1   70     ,     
80                 
 ,       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.   
     ,           
           
 ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            10  , 
        8       
    
2.   
               
      
            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         ₹70,000 ,   
    ₹80,000          
 
3.     
         
         
              
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󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
           ,    
 :
1.   :
o        
o          ,   
  
o          ,    

2.   :
o             
o     ,        
3.   :
o               
  
o ,          
4.   :
o      
o           ,    
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
             ,   
 :
1.   :
o     ,       
o     -   
2.   :
o             

o      
3.     :
o          ,   
 
o  " "   
4.  :
o        
o     (     )
  ,      
5.    :
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o         ,      
   
o              
6.   :
o -           
o             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
     1966    1991  
1991 ,         ,     
       
             

,          ,    

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                
              , 
        ()      
()              
             
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
              
      ,  
        
,     ,        
      ,  ,       
      
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-
5.            ,  
   
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   ?
        ,    , -, ,
,                 
    ,   ,        
,     ,      ,      
         
     
    ,             , 
      ,           
 
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌    
   " "               -

󷄧󷄫       
        ;          , 
    ,          
      ,      (    ) 
,     :
 
 
  
 
  
󷄧󷄬     
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             , ,
 ,  ,  ,       
                
        
󷄧󷄭   
          -      
   , , ,  ,  ,     
              
    
󷄧󷄮  
               :
  (      )
 (      )
 (          )
  (       )
,   ,              

󷇮󷇭   
                
 ,       
󽆤1.      
                  
    -     :
 (, ,   )
( ,  ,  )
 
 ( ,     )
     
  :
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   ?
    ?
       ?
         ?
󽆤2.       
           :
   
 , , ,  
  
 
, ,       
 ,     
    
        :
       ?
      ?
           ?
     ,            

󽆤3.       
-              
     :
 (,  )
   ( ,  ,   )
  :
    ?
   ?
        ?
   ,       
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󽆤4.        
         ;      
    :
  
 
 
 
         
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸        
     :
          ?    ?
    ,      :
󽇐1.         
             
        :
       ?
       ?
    ?
 -    ?
      ?
      
󽇐2.       
       :

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 
 
 

           
󽇐3.      
              :
  (     )
    
    
 
 ,           
󽇐4.      
        , , , ,  ,
  -         
󽇐5.    
, , -19       ,   
          ,  
󷄧󼿒
         ;  , ,     
         ,    ,      
                
               
                ,  
    
     
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6.       ,      
    
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
               
              ,
        ,      
         ,  , , ,  
      
               
,               
                

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
         :
 ,             
     
   (,     -  )    ( ,
,      )  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    :            ,
                
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
1.   :,      
2.  :     
3.   :         

4. :,    -   
5.   :     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
              
    :
1.  
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  , , ,        
        
            
       ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       ,        
 ,        
2.   
             
         
           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
  ,              
3.   
,              
  
             
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
       ,      
4.  
, ,           
        ,    

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              
 ,         
5.  
            

     ,          
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󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         ()   
            
6.   
              
      
              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           
 ,        -     
7.   
  ,              

  ,            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:     ,         
       
8.    
      , -      
              
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
    ,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
       ,       
 :
1.    :         ,
     
2.   :         
3.   :     
4.   :       ,     , 
    
5.  :-,           ,  
    
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󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
           ,    
    
              
            
               
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          ,    , 
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
              
      , ,  ,     
      -         
   ,           
-
7.          ,    
  
:        , ,  ,    
    ?     ?         
  ?
     ,              ,
, , , , ,         
                
           ,  
              ,      
              
       
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I.   
           :     
󽇐1.  
               ,
"             "
        
 
         
         
  /   (   )
   
     
    
   (     ,      )
:
    10   ,          
            
󽇐2.  
            
        ,         
 ,              
 
 (   )
  

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 ()
    ?
  ,  ,          ,   
               
   ,          ,    


      
       
           
II.   
      ,      
1.  
,         
      
       
: 10      2          
      
2.  
       ,         
               
       ,       
3.  
        ,      
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4.  
    ,       :      
5. - 
        :      18% 
III.   
         ,     
            ,    
               
󽇐1.  ()  
                
             

           
        
 :
            ,     ? 
                
󽇐2.   
       :
  ?
  
  
  
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     
    ,             
       
󽇐3.   
       ,  
            
      ( ,    )
    
  ,        ,       
            
󽇐4.   
   :
       
          (, ,  ),  
           
    
     ,        :
  
             (  ,
, ,   ),          
  
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                
 
  
  ,             
   
  
                 
  -      

   
         , , , , 
                
             , 
          
     , ,        -
 , ,          
       ,        

8.       ?       
  
: 󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
        ,  ,   
                
                 
   
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󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔
 
  ,        ,       
             ,   
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
:              
 ,         ,      
 
   :
o   ( ) ,         
           
o   (  ,    ) ,    
               
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔


󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.    :
o         
o ,             
2.    :
o           
o   ,        ,     
        
3.  :
o              
o :            
         
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󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
               
,      ,       
(   )    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
               
       :
  :      
  :        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔


󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.      :
o            ,  
          
o    ,            
             
2.     :
o  :         , 
              

o  :        (  
   ),          
   
o  :       ,   
    
o  :      ,    
   
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3.  :
o  ,            

o  ,         ,     
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
         10    
      (        ), 
   ₹10    
    ,         
      ,      
         
    (           )
          ,      
             
  ,             
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
1.    :       , 
      
2.   :            
   
3.  :        ,   -
    
4.  :        
5.  :        , 
 ,       
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
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                ()
        ,       
       ,      
       -,         
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
                 
                 ,
              
       ,          

             
       ,      